Default Mode Network

The Default Mode Network (DMN) is a network of brain regions active during rest and introspection. Abnormalities in the DMN's activity and connectivity are associated with ADHD, contributing to challenges such as increased mind-wandering and difficulties with sustained attention.

Discussion

"In people who do not have ADHD, these networks are reciprocal: As one increases in activity, the other declines. In ADHD, however, the DMN remains active while the TPN is active. This competition provides a neurological explanation for what those of us who have ADHD feel so often — a persistent, magnetic pull away from the task at hand into distraction."^[1]

The DMN consists of interconnected brain regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and parts of the parietal and temporal lobes. These areas are most active when the brain is not engaged in goal-directed tasks, such as during rest, daydreaming, or self-referential thought.^[2]

In neurotypical individuals, the DMN deactivates when task-positive networks, responsible for goal-oriented behavior, are engaged. This balance allows for effective task management. However, in ADHD, the DMN often fails to deactivate appropriately during attention-demanding tasks, leading to interference with cognitive processes and increased distractibility.^[3]

Research indicates that altered connectivity between the DMN and executive control networks is a hallmark of ADHD. These abnormalities correlate with the severity of ADHD symptoms, highlighting the DMN's role in attention control.^[4]

Interventions like mindfulness meditation have shown promise in modulating DMN activity. By training individuals to become more aware of their thoughts and redirect focus, mindfulness practices may help regulate DMN activity and improve attention.^[5]

Metadata

Sources

Default mode network - Wikipedia
Default Mode Network | Psychology Today
Know Your Brain: Default Mode Network
Default Mode Network: What Is It & How Does It Impact ADHD?